【韓国】文在寅大統領、ASEAN「言いつけ外交」の旅へ/韓国を一喝したインドネシアのアリ・ムルトポ将軍
韓国の文在寅大統領が明日(9月1日)からタイとミャンマー、ラオスの3か国を歴訪し、ホワイト国除外(現在は「ホワイト国」という名称を使わず、カテゴリーAからBへの格下げ)の不当性を訴えるそうです。
またお得意の「言いつけ」外交です。(NHKの記事内で言及しているバンコクポストの記事は『Taking strong partnerships forward』)
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190830/k10012056561000.html
韓国大統領 日韓の事態打開へASEANに協力求める考え
2019年8月30日 12時08分韓国のムン・ジェイン(文在寅)大統領は東南アジアへの歴訪を前に、タイの新聞の書面インタビューに応じ、日本の輸出管理の強化について改めて批判するとともに、事態の打開に向けてASEAN=東南アジア諸国連合に協力を求めていく考えを示しました。
韓国のムン・ジェイン大統領は1日からASEAN加盟国のタイとミャンマー、ラオスの3か国を歴訪する予定で、これを前にタイの英字新聞バンコクポストの書面インタビューに応じました。
この中でムン大統領は日本政府が輸出管理の優遇措置の対象国から韓国を除外したことについて「日本が歴史問題に絡めて不当な経済措置をとったことが非常に懸念される。歴史問題と経済協力は分けて対応すべきだ」と述べ、「経済報復だ」という考えを改めて示して批判しました。
そして「日本の措置は韓国だけでなく、世界経済にも否定的な影響を及ぼす」と訴えました。
そのうえでムン大統領は日本との対抗措置の応酬は望まないとして、「日本の手をとり、協力する用意はある。日本が対話と外交協議に出てくるよう、ASEANに協力を求める」と述べました。
韓国は今月、タイで開かれたASEAN関連の会議でも、日本の輸出管理の強化についてとりあげていて、事態の打開に向けてASEAN諸国に協力を呼びかける姿勢を強めています。
こうした韓国政府の行動にはもはや驚きませんが、ASEAN(※)と聞いて思い出すことがあります。それは、『日韓2000年の真実』(名越二荒之助-なこし ふたらのすけ-編著)という本に書いてあったコラムです。
※アセアン【ASEAN】
(Association of South-East Asian Nations)東南アジア諸国連合。1967年にインドネシア・シンガポール・タイ・フィリピン・マレーシアの5カ国で結成した地域協力機構。84年ブルネイ、95年ベトナム、97年ラオス・ミャンマー、99年カンボジアが加盟。決定機関である外相会議の下にジャカルタに常設の事務局を置く。広辞苑 第六版 (C)2008 株式会社岩波書店
ASEANは1966年(昭和41年)2月に佐藤栄作首相と会見したインドネシア大統領特別補佐官のアリ・ムルトポ将軍が構想を明らかにして日本に協力を求め、翌67年に発足しました。
インドネシアは、日本がたった9日間の戦闘で連合軍を降伏させ、終戦後も2000人の日本人が独立戦争に馳せ参じて共に戦い、350年間のオランダ支配から独立せしめた国です。
昭和17年(1942年)1月11日、9時50分、300もの落下傘部隊がランゴアン飛行場に降下しますが、それを見た地元の人々は「神話」が現実となった思ったそうです。
その神話とは「ジョヨボヨの予言」と呼ばれるもので、「我が民族が危機に瀕するとき、空から白馬の天使が舞い降りて助けてくれる」というものでした。白い落下傘が、彼等の目には神話の天使に見えたのでした。
上記は『日本が戦ってくれて感謝しています』(井上和彦著)を参考に書いたものですが、終戦までの日本占領下では学校を建て、禁止されていたインドネシア語を普及させ、PETAという義勇軍も作っています。日本軍人は彼等と共に独立戦争を戦ったのでした。
上記本は文庫本(産経NF文庫)で2分冊のものが出ています。
下はPETAの軍旗(Wikimediaより)
1977年、マニラでアジア各国の軍部代表が集まった会議でのこと、フィリピンと韓国の代表が延々と日本を批判する演説を行い、列席の日本代表の自衛官は一言も発しなかったそうです。
そこで、発言の機会を要求したのがアリ・ムルトポ将軍です。
以下、『日韓2000年の真実』から、将軍の発言を一部引用します。
日本はアジアの光である。大東亜戦争は欧米人にアジア人の勇敢さを示したもので、チンギス・ハンとともにアジア人の誇りである。(中略)
ここで、インドネシアの日本民族の価値についての見方を申し上げる。今、忽然として日本民族がこの地球上から消えたら、アジアとアフリカは非常に困る。その時に韓国が一番困ると思う。(中略)
もし日本がシンガポールの位置にあったら、インドネシア人少なくとも百万人が日本に住み、日本人と同等の教育を受けるから、その人間関係から日本の技術、市場、金融、スタッフ等を活用することができる。だから企業の成功は容易である。つまり、日本の近いところに位置していることは幸運なのだ。経済的恩恵を連続的に受けていると言ってもよいぐらいだ。(中略)
つまり、我々インドネシア人は「日本は何もしてくれなくてもよい」と考えている。日本は欧米と肩を並べて進歩しているだけで十分アジア・アフリカに尽くしている。日本は存在するだけで十分アジア・アフリカに尽くしている、と考えている。
だから、我々アジア人は外交面に弱い日本を支援したいと思っている。日本から援助を貰うだけで応援しないのでは運命共同体の一員とは言えないし、対等のパートナーとも言えないのではないか。
【追記】バンコクポストの記事
ちゃんと読んでいなかったけど、ざっと読んだら、北朝鮮の事にも言及しています。(この件、必要があったら追記します。言いつけ部分は赤字の質問の部分)
https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1739147/taking-strong-partnerships-forward
Taking strong partnerships forward
South Korean President Moon Jae-in on ties with Thailand, Asean, and North Korea
published : 30 Aug 2019 at 04:00In a written interview with the Bangkok Post, President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea gives his views on Thai-Korean relations and South Korea's stance on regional issues, ahead of his trip to Thailand on Sept 1-3.
What is the expected outcome of your visit to Thailand?
First of all, I would like to express my profound gratitude to the Thai Government and people for inviting me. I would also like to take this opportunity to convey my deepest condolences and respect for His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great once again. At the same time, my congratulations go to His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua on his coronation this year. I wish Thailand continued success under His Majesty's leadership.
Thailand is a true friend of the Republic of Korea and was the first country to come to its aid in the midst of great turmoil during the Korean War. The Korean people will never forget the dedication and sacrifice of the Thai Korean War veterans and remain grateful to this day. During my visit to Thailand, I would like to convey our heartfelt appreciation to them in person.
Marking 60 years of diplomatic ties last year, Thailand and Korea established a strategic partnership. I regard relations with Thailand as being very important, and I want to see our relationship make further strides. To this end, I look forward to envisioning and discussing with Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha the next 60 years of working together. Thailand, as the Chair of Asean for 2019, is spearheading peace and sustainable development in the region. We will also discuss cooperation between Asean and the Republic of Korea, as we celebrate the 30th anniversary of the establishment of our dialogue partnership.
How would you describe bilateral relations between Korea and Thailand? Are there any new areas you would like to strengthen in Thai-Korean relations?
Ever since the establishment of diplomatic ties, our two countries have made steady progress in a variety of areas, including politics, the economy, culture and people-to-people exchanges. The Royal Thai Navy frigate HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej, named after the Thai people's most revered king, was built in Korea. I'm pleased that we will be contributing to the security and defence of Thailand. Approximately 400 Korean companies are doing business in Thailand and guiding our two countries to common prosperity. In addition, annual trade volume reached a record high of US$14 billion last year.
In particular, the peoples of our two countries are curious about each other and share a mutual affection. About 2.3 million tourists from both countries visit Seoul, Busan, Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Phuket each year through daily direct flights. Moreover, some 40,000 people are studying the Korean language in Thailand, the largest number in the world. A number of talented young Thais are making a name for themselves on the world stage as members of K-pop acts, including Nichkhun of 2PM and Lisa of Blackpink.
I have high hopes for the future. Thailand and Korea already cooperate in many fields such as infrastructure, water management, environment, national defence and the defence industry. Bilateral cooperation will continue to expand and I also look forward to our two countries working together in responding to the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. Some of the countless sectors in which our two nations can collaborate are next-generation vehicles, robots, bioscience and smart electronics. By linking the Thai government's Thailand 4.0 policy and the Korean government's innovative growth initiative, we will be able to create not only synergy effects, but also future growth engines together.
What sort of role do you see for Asean in the denuclearisation of North Korea? How can Asean benefit if the peace process on the Korean Peninsula makes progress?
I am grateful to those Asean member states that maintain diplomatic relations with both South and North Korea for providing steadfast support in our journey towards peace on the Korean Peninsula. Asean and the Republic of Korea have shared an understanding that the North Korean nuclear issue should be resolved in a peaceful way and that a peace regime should be established on the peninsula to serve regional peace and stability.
Asean has served as an important communication channel between North Korea and the international community. In 2000, North Korea joined the Asean Regional Forum under Thailand's active auspices. This remains the only regional security consultative forum that North Korea is participating in. The fact that the two historic US-North Korea summits were held in Singapore and Hanoi demonstrates the immensely constructive role that Asean is playing in the peace process on the Korean Peninsula. During the 2019 Asean-related foreign ministers' meetings in which Thailand exhibited its leadership as the chair earlier this month, Asean spared no effort in providing support to sustain the momentum for dialogue.
Peace built on the Korean Peninsula is not confined exclusively to the peninsula. In the 21st century, borders are meaningless. Each country's economy and security are intertwined with those of other countries. I am convinced that peace on a Korean Peninsula free of confrontation and conflict will lead to prosperity not only on the peninsula, but also in East Asia, including Asean. This is the peace economy that my administration envisions. I hope Asean will continue to take part in our efforts to build peace on the Korean Peninsula.
Should North Korean leader Kim Jong-un be invited to the Asean-Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit in Busan or the pre-East Asia Summit in Bangkok? Why and how has he pledged his commitment to denuclearisation to you?
Korea will host the Asean-Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit and Mekong-Korea Summit in Busan in November to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Asean-ROK dialogue relations. In this regard, President Joko Widodo of Indonesia proposed inviting Chairman Kim Jong-un to the upcoming summit, and the proposal was endorsed by a number of heads of state. It would be a very meaningful occasion for peace on the Korean Peninsula and in East Asia, if Chairman Kim is given the chance to join the gathering. At the East Asia Summit due to be held in Bangkok, East Asian countries would be able to discuss in detail with North Korea about possible areas of cooperation between them.
Of course, the decision on whether to invite Chairman Kim should be made in light of the progress being made in the peace process on the Korean Peninsula, including the dialogue between the United States and North Korea. We will continue to engage in related consultations with Asean countries.
Chairman Kim has personally made clear his commitment to complete denuclearisation on various occasions, including the three inter-Korean summits last year and the two summits with the United States. Chairman Kim personally expressed his willingness to move forward by opting for economic development instead of nuclear programmes. What matters most is for North Korea to actually put denuclearisation into concrete action. I hope that Asean will play a big role in helping North Korea abandon its nuclear programmes and stand together with all of us through economic cooperation.
Why are Asean and India the focus of your New Southern Policy?
The New Southern Policy, which I announced at the first Asean Summit following my inauguration, is all about cooperation for people, prosperity and peace, and it aims to help all peoples lead better lives in enhanced peace and happiness. Asean and India are the policy's initial focal points because -- being Korea's close neighbours -- the two regions have greater potential than other regions for people on all sides to grow closer and work together for common prosperity.
Since establishing dialogue relations in 1989, Korea and Asean have retained close ties when it comes to maintaining peace and stability in East Asia, economic development, and people-to-people and cultural exchanges. Asean is Korea's second largest trading partner, and the number of mutual visitors surpassed 11 million for the first time last year. In particular, Asean is geopolitically important as evidenced by how some major countries are focusing on the region by announcing relevant regional cooperation initiatives.
India is also growing dynamically and leading the global economy. Based on the common goal of peace and stability in our respective regions, Korea and India have steadily developed bilateral relations by establishing a special strategic partnership in 2015. In addition, there is plenty of room for cooperation since Indian Prime Minister Modi's Act East Policy and my administration's New Southern Policy share common features.
Asean is very concerned about the trade dispute between the United States and China as well as the Korea-Japan quarrel. Is there anything Asean can do to resolve the current stand-offs?
Asean member states are achieving common prosperity based on great respect for each other, more so than in any other region in the world. Asean, Korea and Japan all have grown through the free trade order. Asean and Korea must demonstrate by themselves that free trade is the path to shared prosperity, and must prevent trade conflicts between major powers and the spread of protectionism through such efforts.
It is very worrisome that Japan recently carried out an unwarranted economic retaliation against Korea in relation to history issues. It is all the more shocking because Japan has benefited considerably from the free trade order down the years and actively championed free trade on the international stage. The damage inflicted by Japan's measures will negatively impact not only Korea but also the global economy.
The Korean government intends to resolve the issue diplomatically through dialogue. The world has achieved common prosperity through a highly sophisticated division of labour. Korea and Japan have cooperated with each other for thousands of years. Korea's position is that history issues should be dealt with separately from economic cooperation, which must be maintained. It makes no sense to hurt each other's economy because of issues that lie outside the economic realm. A vicious cycle of response and counter-response is not desirable.
I'm ready to embrace and cooperate with Japan when it returns to the table for dialogue and cooperation, whenever that may be. I hope Japan and Korea will fulfill our responsibility so that future generations in East Asia will be able to experience prosperity achieved through cooperation. I would like to ask Asean, a close friend who cooperates with both Korea and Japan, to work together to steer Japan to the path of dialogue and diplomatic consultation.
What are the main reasons why Korea has been so interested in developing the Mekong River? What will you say to the Mekong leaders when you meet them for the first time at the end of November?
The Mekong River is called Indochina's lifeline since it is four times as long as the Korean Peninsula and more than 300 million people reside along it. The Mekong is the world's largest freshwater fishing ground and boasts the greatest biodiversity on earth after the Amazon, and the surrounding lands are fertile. Korea is confident that the Mekong will become a driving force behind Indochina's development. We also believe that Indochina's development is closely linked to Korea's own development.
To bring more happiness to people in the region, Korea has started to build infrastructure and cooperate in the management of water resources. In addition to ongoing bilateral projects with five Mekong nations, Korea is engaged in cooperation projects with related international organisations, including the Mekong River Commission. We are also seeking cooperation with regard to water resources management with ACMECS, a Thai-led regional economic consultation body.
I hope we will be able to help the residents of the Mekong region achieve sustainable development in the area by sharing and safely and effectively utilising their water resources. I will discuss the areas of cooperation to be prioritised at the inaugural Mekong-Korea Summit to be held in Korea in November. I will speak about sharing Korea's experience of economic development and achieving the Miracle on the Mekong River by emulating the Miracle on the Hangang River.
What is your concrete plan for East Asia? Could you please clarify the "bridge state theory"?
Thailand did not experience colonisation, but most East Asian countries suffered the tragic history of being reduced to an arena for competition among major powers. In geopolitical terms, Korea is the only country to be surrounded by four major powers, and it had no choice but to be cast to the periphery of the continent or ocean when it lacked strength.
A bridging nation is one that overcomes such a fate, draws on respective strengths associated with continental and maritime countries and links them together, thereby taking the lead in cooperation that benefits one another. To this end, we have to protect the international order founded on free trade above all and establish equitable and inclusive relations with each country.
Korea believes the establishment of peace on the Korean Peninsula is the beginning of a bridging nation. When South and North Korea work together and establish a peace-driven economy, they will be able to closely cooperate not only with China, Russia and Central Asian nations to the north but also with Europe. This is the Korean government's New Northern Policy. To the south, we will be able to cooperate with Asean and India and achieve inclusive growth. This is the New Southern Policy.
The New Northern Policy and New Southern Policy are not separate initiatives.
All countries will be able to share new opportunities for progress when they are connected through a bridge. Envisioning an Asian community where diverse forms of cooperation blossom among different countries on an equal footing, I hope that Korea will become a bridging nation that contributes to peace and prosperity.
Moon touts strength of Korea-Thailand partnership
Post Reporters
President Moon Jae-in of South Korea has announced a strengthening of the partnership between Thailand and the Republic of Korea as he prepares to visit the kingdom on Sunday.
President Moon expects cooperation to grow during the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution, citing long-standing relations between the two countries. "I would like to express my profound gratitude to the government and people for inviting me. I would also like to take this opportunity to convey my deepest condolences and respect for His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej The Great, once again. At the same time, my congratulations go to His Majesty King Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua on his coronation this year. I wish Thailand continued success under His Majesty's leadership," he said.
"Thailand is a true friend of the Republic of Korea and was the first country to come to its aid amid great turmoil during the Korean War. The Korean people will never forget the dedication and sacrifice of the Thai Korean War veterans and remain grateful to this day. During my visit to Thailand, I would like to convey our heartfelt appreciation to them in person," he added.
"Marking 60 years of diplomatic ties last year, Thailand and Korea established a strategic partnership. I regard relations with Thailand as being important, and I want to see our relationship make further strides. To this end, I look forward to discussing with Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha the next 60 years of working together. Thailand, as the chair of Asean for 2019, is spearheading peace and sustainable development in the region." President Moon said he hopes Asean countries will be able to help ease the diplomatic spat between South Korea and Japan.
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